Diabetes Mellitus is the scientific name for the most common yet challenging disease-Diabetes or blood sugar. Today more than 2.8% of the total world population is suffering from diabetes which is a dangerous number noticed ever since year 2000. The number may constantly proceed to scary results if not taken control or precautions by improving are lifestyle, routines and some general habits.

Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. Because diabetics have a problem with insulin, their body's can't use glucose (blood sugar) for energy, which results in elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) and the eventual urination of sugar out of their bodies. As a result diabetics can literally be malnourished to death.

Diabetes is nothing but a group of metabolic diseases which result in high blood sugar in the human body, reason being lesser production of insulin or non-reaction of cells towards insulin. The common symptoms that it leads to are frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger, scientifically known as polyuria, polydipsia and polyhagia respectively.

Diabetes can be classified in three main types:

1. Type-1 (Juvenile) diabetes.
2. Type-2 (Insulin deficient) diabetes.
3. Gestational diabetes

There are some other forms of diabetes mellitus as well that include congenital diabetes. This is due to genetic defects of insulin secretion. Another type of this disease is cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, steroid diabetes which is caused by high doses of glucocorticoids, and furthermore, there are several forms of monogenic diabetes.
Insulin became available in 1921 which enabled the treatment of all kind of diabetes which was causing fatality often before the same.  Insulin deficient diabetes, i.e. type2 diabetes may be controlled with medications. Diabetes of any kind out of the two main types cannot be cured. Science initiated the pancreatic transplant which was again of a very little success; the ones suffering from morose obesity and the type 2nd diabetes mellitus, showed successful results after getting the gastric bypass surgery done. One gets rid of gestational diabetes usually after delivery.
Diabetes should be treated properly to avoid any major and may be fatal problems. Little complications include hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, or nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.  Long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, and retinal damage. Balanced and proper treatment of diabetes is hence very important along with the control over the body weight as well as the blood pressure of the body; one also needs to keep the lifestyle simple and precautionary aiming towards avoidance of smoking and drinking which adds to the problem leading to mishaps.
Impact
Over time, diabetes can show the way to blindness, kidney collapse, and nerve breakdown. These types of damage are the result of damage to small vessels, referred to as micro vascular disease. Diabetes is also a significant cause in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis), leading to strokes, coronary heart disease, and other large blood vessel diseases. This is referred to as macro vascular disease. Diabetes affects approximately 17 million people (about 8% of the population) in the United States. In addition, an estimated additional 12 million people in the United States have diabetes and are unfortunately unaware about it.
Diabetes is a very serious disease. Left unchecked, it can bring serious consequences including death. Fortunately, it is a disease that can be managed. Unfortunately most of the people who have diabetes do not know that they have it and hence do not treat it till it become very late. If you suspect you have diabetes, it is very important that you get prompt professional attention and to determine whether you suffer from this.
Diabetes is the third leading cause of death in the United States after heart disease and cancer.
Diabetes is believed to be the nation's third or fourth leading cause of death. It makes the sufferer susceptible to serious complications that can lead to death.
Diabetes hastens wear and tear on many crucial functions of the body.
According to the American Diabetes Association, diabetes leads to coronary heart disease, stroke and circulation problems in the hands and feet. These conditions are two to four times more common in people with diabetes, and they account for most of their hospitalizations. Heart attacks, hardening of the arteries, strokes, poor circulation in the feet, amputations-these are concrete and common examples of diabetes damage. Diabetes is the leading cause of end- stage kidney disease. Diabetic eye disease, or diabetic retinopathy, is the major cause of new vision loss in Americans 20 to 74 years old, according to the National Eye Institute. Nerve cells may be disturbed or damaged, causing severe pain or loss of feeling-a condition known as neuropathy. Many people have the false belief that Type II diabetes is not very serious. But it is not so. In 1986, 144,000 people died as a result of type-II diabetes in the US, and 951,000 were totally disabled. In 1986, the economic cost of type- II diabetes in the United States was estimated at $19.8 billion. Of that, $4.8 billion was spent on treating related conditions and complications-primarily cardiovascular conditions that manifested themselves in heart attacks, hardening of the arteries and strokes. Circulatory problems, such as poor circulation in the feet, leading to amputation, are also common in type- II diabetes.
Diabetes is a very serious disease and should be treated as such. In nearly all situations, people with diabetes require, at a minimum, routine medical treatment- including daily self-care. Through scrupulous attention to a healthy lifestyle and a strong commitment to maintaining target blood-sugar levels, diabetic people can significantly slow down the degenerative process. Left unchecked, diabetes shortens life. It is not a condition that goes away.