Glossary of Sanskrit Terms - Ayurveda Dictionary

Abhava	Negation, Absence
Adharma	Unsociable conduct
Ajiva	Non-eternal substance
Amhisa	Non-violence
Anandamaya kosha	Bliss sheath
Annamaya kosha	Physical sheath
Anumana	Knowledge derived by logical inference.
Anupalabdhi	Non-perception
Aparatva	Distant, inferior
Arsha period	pre-Vedic period
Artha	Money
Arthapati	Knowledge derived by an inference used to account for an apparent inconsistency
Arya	People living on the banks of Sindhu river
Asana	Posture
Ashtang yoga	Eight limbs of yoga
Asteya	Freedom from hoarding
Avidya	Ignorance
Abhiṣyanda	Conjunctivitis
Abhra vṛnda	A line or mass of clouds
Abhra	A cloud
Abhyanga	Massaging the body with unctuous or oil substances
Abhyantaraparimārjana	Internal administration
Abhyantararogamārga	Interior path way of diseases
Abhyāsana	Repeated practice
Abhyavaharaṇa	Eating or taking food
Acchādana	Covering, concealing, a covering sheath
Acchapeya	Internal administration of oleating substances without adding any other substance is known as acchapeya.
Acetana	Inanimate
Ādānakāla	Debilitating period
Ādhāraṇiyavega	Non-suppressible urges
Adharma	Unrighteousness, wickedness
Adhimantha	Glaucoma
Adhovāta	Flatus
Adhva gamana	Walking for a long distance
Āḍhya	Rich, wealthy
Ādhyardhadhārāśastra	Half edged knife
Ādhyaroga	Vatarakta, gout
Adhyāsana	Taking food without the digestion of the food taken earlier
Adṛṣṭa	Invisible
Āgantukaroga	Exogenous diseases
Āgāra	A house
Āgāradhūma	Soot
Āghāta	Striking, killing, a blow, stroke
Agni sweda	Thermal sudation
Agni	Power of digestion
Agnidagdha	Burns
Agnikarma (Thermal cautery)	It is a method of burning or scarring organic tissue by means of a hot iron rod like instrument.
Agnisāda	Weakness of digestion
Āhāramātrā	Quantity of food
Āharaṇa	Extraction, drawing out
Āhava	Wrestling
Ahi	Snake
Aja	She goat
Ajārā	Not subject to old age or decay
Ajina	The hairy skin of animals especially of a black antelope (used as a seat or garment etc.)
Ajirna	Indigestion
Akālaśayana	Sleeping at improper time
Akāla	Untimely, premature
Akṛta	Without processed
Akṣapātava	Comprising absolute ability to carry out their normal functions of all the sense organs.
Akṣa	Axis
Akṣepaka	Convulsions
Akṣi	Eye
Alābū	Gourd
Alasaka	Intestinal hypotony
Ālasya	Lassitude
Ālocaka	The faculty of vision, the cause of sight
Āmamāṁsa	Raw or uncooked meat
Āma	Undigested food substance
Āmadoṣa	Association of undigested, toxic metabolites with humours
Āmāśaya	Stomach
Āmiṣa	Flesh
Amlapitta	Hyper-acidity, gastritis
Amlodgāra	Sour eructation
Anāgni	Non-thermal sudation
Anagni	Without the use of fire, substance other than fire
Anarha	Not deserving; not fit
Aṇḍavrddhi (Orchitis)	It is an inflammation of one or both testis, accompanied by swelling, pain, fever, and a sensation of heaviness in the affected area.
Aṅga-gourava	Heaviness in the body
Aṅgamarda	Body ache
Aṅgāra	Charcoal
Aṅgārikā	A portable fire pan
Aṅgasāda	Malaise
Aṅguli-trāṇaka yantra	Finger guard
Aṅgusta	The thumb
Animitta	Absence of an adequate cause or occasion
Añjana (Collyrium)	The application of drugs in the eyes using a ‘śalākā’ or with index fingertip.
Aṅkapāda	Skin of the birds especially taken from the thigh or lower limb.
Aṅkura	A sprout
Aṅkuśa	A hook, a goad
Anna-rakṣāvidhi	Methods of protecting foods
Anṛtavacana	False words
Antarmukhaśastra	Blade bent inwards
Anu or Upa yantra	Accessory instruments
Anubandha	Which transmigrates from one body to another
Anugāmī	Manifested after the primary disease, i.e., upadrava or complications
Anukramaṇikā	A table of contents, index showing the successive contents of a work
Anulomanagati	In the same direction
Anulomana	Sending or putting in natural or right direction, purging
Anūpadeśa	Belonging to watery place, marshy land
Anupakrama	Unbefitting for treatment, absolutely irreversible
Anupāna	A drink taken after medicine, post-prandial drink
Anupasāya	Anything or circumstance that aggravates a malady
Anurakti	Affection, love, devotion
Anurasa	Secondary taste
Anuvāsanavasti	A type of medicated enema in which unctuous substances are processed with drugs for lubrication; can be administered daily.
Anuvellita bandha	Encircling bandage
Anyatovāta	Secondary referred pain in the eyeball
Apabāhuka	Brachial neuralgia
Apaci (Scrofula)	A form of tuberculosis affecting lymph nodes, especially of the neck; spread by unpasteurized milk.
Apasmāra (Epilepsy)	A neurological disorder that causes recurring seizures
Apatānaka	Convulsive disorders
Apatāntraka	Hysteric convulsions
Ārāśastra	Awl
Arbuda (Neoplasm)	Benign or malignant tumor; benign tumors do not metastasize or destroy adjacent tissue.
Ārci	A ray of flame
Ardita	Facial paralysis
Ariṣṭa	Misfortune, ill omen, definite signs of death
Arjuna	Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage
Arśas (Hemorrhoids)	Sprout-like rectal structures caused by aggravated doṣas in conjunction with twak, māṁsa, and medas.
Arśoyantra	Proctoscope
Asādhyāroga	Incurable disease
Asātmeḍriyārthasaṁyoga	Disagreeable correlation of sense organs with objects of perception (sound, touch, vision, taste, smell).
Āścotana	The process of instilling medicinal drops into the eyes
Aśmari (Urinary calculus)	Mineral formation lodged in the urinary tract; may cause blockage or discomfort.
Aṣṭāṅga Āyurveda	The eight branches of Ayurveda: General Medicine, Pediatrics, Demonology, ENT & Ophthalmology, Surgery, Toxicology, etc.
Aśma	A stone
Aśmaghanasweda	Stone bed sudation
Aśru	Tears
Asthāpanavasti	Therapeutic decoction enema that restricts aging and doṣas; also called nirūhavasti.
Asthi	Bone
Asthibhaṅga (Fracture)	Any break or crack in a bone
Aśva	Horse
Aśvatara	Mule
Asyapāka	Stomatitis
Ātāmukhaśastra	Curved scissors
Ātāpaśevana	Exposed to sun
Atidagdha	Excessive cauterization
Atinidrā	Excessive sleeping
Atirāga	Too much attachment
Atisāra (Diarrhea)	Frequent and excessive discharge of watery feces
Atiyoga	Excessive utilization or overdose
Atyagni	Excessive digestive power
Avadhi	Boundary, limit, period of time
Avagāhana	Bathing, plunging, immersing
Avanti soma	Sour gruel prepared by fermenting rice water
Avapīdaka	Medicated ghee given internally in varying doses for urinary disorders
Avapīḍana	Pressing down; nasal therapy with fresh juice
Avara	Inferior
Avasādana	Sinking, fainting, sitting down
Avasecana	Water used for sprinkling
Avasthambha	Resting upon, supporting
Avatarana	Descent
Āvi	A sheep
Ayoga	Inadequate utilization
Āyu	Life
Āyurveda	The science of life providing longevity, knowledge of life, and allied topics.
Bandha	Bondage to karma
Basti	Cleansing procedure of colon
Bhakti yoga	Devotion, worship
Brahmacharya	Celibacy
Brahman	Ultimate truth, God
Buddha	Enlightened one
Buddhi	Intelligence
Babhrū	Large brown mongoose
Baddhodara	Intestinal obstruction
Bādhirya	Deafness
Baḍiśaśastra	Sharp hook
Bahuguṇam	Abundance and richness in quality
Bahukalpam	Having multipurpose utility
Bahupāna	Drinking of excessive alcohol
Bāhyaparimārjana	External administration
Bāhyarogamārga	Exterior path way of diseases
Baka	Common crane
Bala	Strength
Bālaka	Snow wreath crane
Bandhana (Bandages)	15 types of bandages are enumerated. They differ according to the material used and according to the parts of the body to which they need to be applied.
Bhagandara (Fistula in ano)	An abnormal duct or passageway in the body. A fistula may be congenital or the complication of an infection.
Bhañjana	Application of pressure or rubbing around a part of the body
Bhāra-vahana	Carrying heavy loads
Bhāsa	Beard vulture
Bhasma	Micro-fined powder of mineral drug obtained by incineration
Bhaya	Fear
Bhedana	Excision
Bheka	Frog
Bhiṣak	Physician
Bhrama (Vertigo)	The sensation of dizziness. Feeling that one is spinning or that one’s surroundings are spinning around, causing confusion and difficulty in keeping one’s balance.
Bhrāṣṭra	A frying pan
Bhṛṅgāhwa	King bird of paradise
Bhūsweda	Ground bed sudation
Biḍālaka	Application of medicated paste over eyelids leaving eyelashes.
Bindu	The amount of liquid that flows after immersing two digits of the index finger in any liquid substance is equivalent to one bindu.
Bisa	Stalks of lotus
Brāhma muhūrta	The time, which is the second half of the last yāma (3 hours) of the night or early hours of the dawn (~4:24 am). It is the best time for study, as all three doṣas are in equilibrium.
Bṛhatpañcamūla	Bilwa (triphala), kāṣmāri (gambhāri), tarkāri (agnimantha), patala (amogha) and ṭiṇṭuka (śyonāka).
Bṛhattrayi (Greater trio)	Caraka Saṁhitā, Suśruta Saṁhitā and Aṣṭāṅga Saṅgraha/Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdaya.
Bṛṁhaṇa	Whatever adds to the corpulence of the body; nourishing therapy.
Cakora	Chukor
Cakrāhwa	Ruddy sheldrake
Calana	Movement of the foreign object in the body from one place to another
Cāmara	Yak
Chardi (Vomiting)	To expel the contents of the stomach forcibly through the mouth.
Carmakila (Wart)	A hard rough lump growing on the skin, caused by infection with certain viruses and occurring typically on the hands or feet.
Cāruṣka	A kind of deer
Cāṣa	Blue jay
Caṭaka	Sparrow
Caturjātaka	Trijatāka along with nāgakeśara is known as caturjātaka.
Caturvidhapuruṣārthas	Dharma, Artha, Kāma, Mokṣa.
Catuṣkoṇa	Quadrangular
Catussneha	Four types of oleating substances viz. ghṛta, taila, vasā and majjā.
Caya	Accumulation
Chedana	Incision, cutting
Chidrodara	Intestinal perforation
Cilicima	Red striped fish
Cīna bandha	Banner bandage
Cirāyu (Longevity)	The term denoting the length or duration of the life of living beings.
Chuluka	Gangetic dolphin
Cūrṇa (Fine powder of dry drug)	The dried drug is powdered finely without adding any liquid and strained through a clean cloth. Kṣoda and raja are the synonyms.
Dharana	Concentration for meditation
Dharma	Social conduct
Dhouti	Cleansing the upper digestive tract with water or air
Dhyana	Meditation for concentration
Dravatva	Fluidity
Dravyaguna	Science related with substance its quality and action
Dukha	Pain, unhappiness, disease
Dwesha	Hatred
Dadhi	Curd
Dadhimastu	Whey
Daha	Burning sensation
Dakṣatā	Efficiency
Dāma bandha	Tail of quadruped
Danta dhāvana (Tooth brushing)	The natural toothbrush is made from the root of Salvadora persica, rich in nutrients, fluorine, silicon, vitamin C, sulphur, and minerals. It promotes oral hygiene, prevents cavities and plaque, whitens teeth, and strengthens enamel.
Danta māṁsa	Gums
Dantaharṣa	Morbid sensitiveness of the teeth
Dantalekhanaśāstra	Dental scraper
Dāraṇa	Rupturing
Darśanaparīkṣā	Examination of the patient by means of inspection.
Daśamūla (Ten roots)	Bṛhatpañcamūla and hraswapañcamūla are collectively known as daśamūla.
Dātyūha	Gallinule bird
Dāvānala (Dāvāgni)	Wild fire, forest conflagration
Dīpana	Increasing the digestive fire or process but not digesting toxic metabolites.
Deśa	Habitat
Dhānyāmla	An alcoholic preparation prepared by fermenting the water in which rice and other grains are cooked.
Dhāraṇīyavega	Suppressible urges
Dhārī	Synonym of āyu, the one that prevents the body from decay.
Dhātu	Body tissues which maintain as well as nourish the body
Dhātwagni	The part of jaṭharāgni (digestive power) in the saptadhātus, responsible for tissue health and nourishment.
Dhūmapāna	Inhalation of medicated fumes through nostrils or mouth, prescribed to dissolve vitiated kapha in head, nose, and throat.
Dhūmikā	Owlet
Dinacaryā	Daily regimen
Divyodaka or Gāṅgāmbu	Uncontaminated rain water
Doṣa	Vitiating factor, corrupting agent
Doṣa-karmajavyādhi	Disease caused by unwholesome diet and lifestyle as well as sinful acts of previous life.
Doṣotthavyādhi	Disease caused due to non-observance of wholesome diet and regimen with unwholesome food and activities.
Drava sweda	Sudation conducted by means of warm liquid
Dravya (Substance)	The substratum of qualities and actions; a concomitant cause in matter.
Dravya guna (Viṁśatiguna/Dvandva guna/Karmaṇyaśāmāyaguna/Gurvādiguna)	They are 20 in number viz. guru (heaviness) laghu (lightness) manda (dullness) tīkṣṇa (sharpness) hima or śīta (cold) uṣṇa (hot) snigdha (unctuousness) rūkṣa (dryness) ślākṣṇa (smooth) khara (rough) sāndra (solid) drava (liquid) mṛdu (soft) kaṭhina (hard) sthira (stable) cala (mobile) sūkṣma (minute) sthūla (bulk) viśāda (clarity/non sliminess) picchila (sliminess)
Dṛṣṭigataroga	Disorders of the vision
Durdagdha	Improper cauterization
Duṣiviṣa	Artificial poisoning
Duṣṭavarṇa (Chronic ulcer)	A long-standing ulcer with fibrous scar tissue at its base
Dūṣya	Which are liable to be corrupted or vitiated (viz. seven tissues of the body and the trimalas).
Dwipi	Panther
Dwitāla	Instrument with double blade
Ekāṅgasweda	Local sudation
Ekatāla	Instrument with single blade
Eṇa	Black buck
Eṣaṇa	Probing, exploring
Eṣaṇīśāstra	Sharp probe
Gandha	Smell
Gurutva	Heaviness
Gaṇḍamālā (Lymphadenopathy)	Swelling of more lymph nodes or lymph glands
Gandha	Smell
Gandūṣa	Holding the liquid substances in the buccal cavity for a specific period without moving the drug is known as gandūṣa.
Garaviṣa	Artificial poisoning
Garbha śāniku	Fetus or traction hook
Gavaya	Gayal cow
Gharṣaṇaśilā	Stone useful for rubbing the collyrium material
Ghaṭī yantra	Pot
Ghrāṇa-arśo-arbuda yantra	Nasal speculum
Gṛdhrā	Vulture
Ghṛta	Ghee
Girivartikā	Mountain quail
Glāni	Malaise
Go	Cow
Godhā	Iguana lizard
Gokarṇa	Deer antelope
Gomūtra	Cow’s urine
Gonarda	Hill partridge
Gosphana bandha	Sling bandage
Gosphānikā	Irregular wound suturing
Gourava	Heaviness
Grahāṇiroga	Amoebiasis
Grahāṇi	Anatomically it is a part of the abdominal cavity located above the umbilicus and between the stomach and large intestines, where the pittadhārakalā, mainly involved in digestion, is situated.
Grāhī	One of the attributes of the substances that absorbs water
Granthi (Cyst)	An abnormal sac containing liquid or semi-liquid waste material. Cysts often do not cause symptoms and are therefore not treated; one that causes pressure or other problems may be surgically removed.
Gridhramukha yantra	Falcon forceps
Gṛdhrasi	Sciatica
Guda-nissaraṇa	Prolapsed rectum
Guḍa	Jaggery
Gulma	Tumour
Guṇa (Attribute)	A principle which remains in dravya with inseparable concomitance, devoid of effort and a causative factor in the genesis of similar attributes is defined as guṇa.
Guruprāvaraṇa	Conducting sudation by covering with heavy blanket.
Hatha yoga	Yoga practices for balancing Sun and Moon principles in body
Halimaka	Advanced stage of jaundice
Haṁsa	Swan
Haṁsodaka	The water exposed to sun during daytime and to moon during night, purified by season and Agastya nakṣatra influence.
Hariṇa	Deer
Hetu-viparyayacikitsā	Treatment opposite to causative factors.
Hiccā (Hiccough)	Sudden intake of air checked by glottis closure; involuntary diaphragm spasm causing hiccups.
Hima	Kaṣāya prepared by steeping raw drugs in cold water overnight, then filtering the mixture.
Hīnavega	Absence or insufficient bouts
Hinayoga	Insufficient utilization
Holākāsweda	Under bed sudation
Hraswamātrā	The quantity of oil digested in two yāma (6 hours).
Hṛcchūla (Angina pectoris)	Chest pain/pressure radiating to left arm; indicates heart muscle oxygen insufficiency.
Hṛdroga	Diseases of the heart
Hṛllāsa	Nausea
Ichha	Will
Ishvara-pranidhana	Devotion to God
Iksu	Sugarcane
Irṣyā	Jealousy
Janma	Birth,
Jara Marana	Old age, death
Jiva	Soul of the individual, eternal thing
Jnyana yoga	Right reasoning and inquiry
Jalacara	Birds moving in water
Jaloukāvacharaṇa (Application of leeches)	Leeches used to extract vitiated blood, mildest form of bloodletting.
Jāmbavousṭhaśalākā	Jāmunā fruit probe
Jambuka	Jackal
Jāṅgaladeśa	Desert land
Jāṅgalamāṁsa	Meat of animals dwelling in desert-like lands
Jantu	Animal origin
Jānu	Knee
Jara	Geriatrics
Jatharāgni	Digestive fire
Jatu	Lac
Jeṇṭākasweda	Sudatorium sudation
Jīrṇajwara	Chronic fever
Jīvanīyapācamūla	Abhīrū, irā, jīvantī, jīvaka & ṛṣabhaka
Jīvanāyaka	Common mynah
Jīvitam	That keeps alive
Jṛmbhā	Yawning
Jwara (Fever)	Doṣas aggravated due to faulty diet and activities, causing fever with mental distress.
Kama	Sensual pleasure
Kapalabhati	Type of pranayama for clearing the upper respiratory tract
Karma	Result of the past action
Karma yoga	Selfless action, work
Kayachikitsa	Inernal medicine
Kevala jnyana	True nature of omniscience
Kundalini yoga	to gain control over kundalini
Kundalini	Dormant power at the base of the spine according to science of yogaLokayata- restricted to the world of common man.
Kadamba	Whistling teal
Kākamukha yantra	Crow forceps
Kāla	Time
Kalka	It is a paste of coarsely powdered drugs with water or the paste of fresh leaves of herbs.
Kāmalā (Jaundice)	A condition caused by bile pigments in the blood, manifested by a yellowing of the skin and the sclera, and caused by disease or other abnormality. Often a disease causing the yellowing of the skin is itself called jaundice.
Kāmbalika	It is prepared by boiling 1 part of whey and 1/8th part of green gram dāla. When dāla boils completely, add powders of sauvarchalalavana, jīraka, jāmbīrasvarasa, tvak, elā, patra, lavaṅga etc., and mix well and then use.
Kaṇakapota	Wood pigeon
Kaṇḍū	Itching sensation
Kaṇḍuka	A boiler or woven
Kanīnikā	Inner canthus
Kaṅkamukha yantra	Heron forceps
Kaṇṭakapañcamūla	Śvādanstrā, abhīru, saireyaka, hiṁsra & kaṇṭakārda
Kaṇṭhaśalyadarśananāḍī yantra	Throat speculum
Kapiñjala	Jungle bush quail
Kapota	Dove
Kāraṇḍava	Goose
Karapatraśāstra	Saw
Karkaṭa	Crab
Karma (Action)	Karma present in the matter is the cause of combination and separation. Karma is the action relating to something to be achieved. It doesn’t require any other factor for its action.
Karmajavyādhi	Diseases caused by the sinful acts of previous life
Karṇapūrana	Ear drops
Karṇavyadhanaśāstra	Needle for piercing the ear
Karpara	An iron sauce pan
Karṣūsweda	Trench sudation
Kārśya (Emaciation)	The process of losing so much flesh as to become extremely thin; wasting.
Kartariśāstra	Scissors
Kāsa (Cough)	Sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs. Coughing is a defensive reflex that clears the lungs of excess mucous or irritating matter. The cough will persist as long as the condition that causes it, but it may be suppressed by soothing liquids or drugs that act on the cough reflex.
Kaṭi	Hip
Khaḍa	Processing buttermilk with green vegetables or pulses is known as khaḍa.
Khaga	Rhinoceros
Khaja śāstra	Churner
Khara	Donkey
Kharadhārāṭi	Rough edged
Khatva bandha	Four-tailed bandage
Kilāṭa	Inspissated milk i.e. making thick by evaporating moisture
Kledavāhana	Elimination of moisture
Kledavidhṛti	Retention of moisture
Kokila	Koel
Kopana	Aggravating
Kośa bandha	Sheath bandage
Koṣṭha	Bowels
Kotha	Skin rash
Kṛcchronmīla	Blepharo-spasm
Krakara	Snipe
Kr̥mi (Intestinal parasites)	Intestinal parasites are parasites that populate the gastro-intestinal tract. In humans, they are often spread by poor hygiene related to open defecation, contact with animals, or poorly cooked food containing parasites.
Kr̥ṣārā (Khicadi)	Take rice 1 part, dāla ¼ or ½ parts, salt, ginger and hingu in an appropriate quantity and boil in 4 times of water, to obtain kr̥ṣārā.
Kṛṣṇagataroga	Diseases of the cornea
Kṛta	Processed the food with oil, salt, and pungent substances
Kṛtānnavarga	Group of food preparations
Krodha	Anger
Krouñca	Demoiselle crane
Krūrakoṣṭa	Hard bowels
Kṣāra karma	Application of caustic alkalies
Kṣāra	Alkaline substances of drugs obtained from their ashes
Kṣavathu	Sneezing
Kṣaya or Śoṣa (Cachexia)	Weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility that can occur during a chronic disease.
Kṣaya	Decrease or diminution
Kṣoumamasi	Ash of silk cloth
Kṣudhānigrahaṇa	Suppression of hunger
Kṣudhā	Hunger
Kukubha	Crow pheasant
Kukūla	Fire made of cow dung cakes
Kuliṅgaka	Sparrow hawk
Kulmāṣa	Bengal gram, green gram, peas etc. cooked over steam
Kumbhisweda	Pitcher bed sudation
Kumbhira	Gavial
Kunṭha	Bluntness
Kūpasweda	Pit sudation
Kurāṅga	Roe deer
Kurara	Fish eagle
Kurara-mukha yantra	Osprey forceps
Kūrcikā	Solid portion of curds
Kūrma	Tortoise
Kuśapatraśāstra	Cataract knife
Kuṣṭharoga (Leprosy and other skin diseases)	Leprosy is a mildly contagious chronic bacterial infection that causes loss of sensation.
Kuṭhārīkāśāstra	Axe
Kuṭisweda	Cabin sudation
Kuṭṭana	Pricking
Lagu pañcamūla	Bṛhatīdvaya (bṛhatī & kaṇṭakārī), aṇuśmatīdvaya (śālīparṇī & pṛṣṇiparṇī) and gokṣura
Lājā	Parched rice
Lāghana	Whatever is capable to reduce the body is known as lāghana or reducing therapy.
Latwā	Scarlet minivet
Lāvā	Common quail
Lekhana	Scarification, scraping
Lepa	Medicine in the form of paste used for external application
Lobha	Greed
Lopakā	Fox
Manomaya kosha	Mental sheath
Meemamsa	Philosophy of logic
Moksha	Self realization
Madātyaya	Alcoholic intoxication
Madgu	Little cormorant
Madhu śarkarā	The sediment portion of honey formed due to the preservation of honey in a bottle for a prolonged period is known as madhuśarkarā.
Madhu	Honey
Madhuḥā	Honey buzzard
Madhumeha	Diabetes mellitus
Madhvāsava	Alcohol prepared from honey
Madhyama koṣṭha	Moderate bowels
Madhyama kṣāra	Moderate alkalies
Madhyama mātrā	The quantity of oil digested in four yāma (12 hours) is called madhyamamātrā.
Madhyama pañcamūla	Balā, punarnavā, eraṇḍa, śūrapaṇṛidvaya (mudgaparṇī & māṣaparṇī)
Madhyama rogamārga	Middle path way of diseases
Madhyama	Average
Madya	Alcoholic preparations
Mahāmṛga	Animals of huge body
Mahān	The combination of all the best four oleating substances (sarpi, majjā, vasā and taila) is known as mahān.
Mahiṣa	Buffalo
Majjā	Bone marrow
Makara	Great Indian crocodile
Mākṣika	Honey
Mala	Bio-wastes
Māṁsa rasa	Mutton juice
Māṁsa	Muscular tissue, meet of animals
Manas	Mind
Mānasikaroga	Psychic disorders
Maṇḍa	One part of paddy is cooked with 14 parts of water and after the rice is completely cooked, the remaining liquid portion is drained and collected as maṇḍa.
Maṇḍāgni	Weak digestive fire
Maṇḍala bandha	Circular bandage
Maṇḍalāgraśastra	Round headed knife
Mantha kalpanā	It is a cold infusion and to prepare mantha one part of coarse powder of drug should be taken and soaked in sufficient quantity of water for 1-2 hours. When the powder becomes soft, four parts of water should be added and churned well and then filtered.
Manthana	Churning
Mārga-viśodhana	Clearing the passage
Mārjāra	Cat
Marma	Vital points
Maṣaka	Elevated mole
Mātrākāla	The time taken either for moving one’s right hand around his right knee joint for one time or for blinking the eyes once is known as one mātrākāla.
Mātrāvasti	It is one of the types of anuvasanavasti and its dose is equivalent to that of minimum dose of oleation therapy.
Matsya	Aquatic animals
Medas	Fatty tissue or adipose tissue
Mithyāyoga	Improper employment of the mind, speech and body by the individual
Moraṇa	Fermented buttermilk
Mṛdukoṣṭha	Soft bowels
Mṛdukṣāra	Mild alkalies
Mṛdusweda	Mild sudation
Mṛga	Antelope or deer
Mṛgamātrya	A kind of red colored hare like deer
Mṛtkapāla	Pot shred
Mudrikāśastra	Finger knife
Mukha lepa	Face pack
Mukharoga	Diseases of mouth
Mūrchā (Syncope/Fainting)	Loss of consciousness caused by a temporary interruption in the flow of blood to the brain.
Mūrdhataila	Application of oil on the head. It is 4 types viz. abhyanga, picu, seka and vasti.
Mūṣaka	Mouse
Mūtra	Urine
Mūtrāghāta	Anuria, retention of urine
Mūtrakṛcchra	Dysuria
Mūtrāvarodha (Retention of urine)	Urinary retention also known as ischuria is a lack of ability to urinate. It is a common complication of benign prostatic hypertrophy (also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH). Urinary retention is characterized by poor urinary stream with intermittence, straining, a sense of incomplete voiding and urgency.
Naikantavada	Law of uncertainty or all probabilities
Nama Rupa	Mind \Body
Nauli	Isolation of the rectus abdominus muscle to purify the region of samana Vata
Neti	Cleansing the nasal passages with water or a waxed string
Nirjara	Falling off karma
Nirvana	Pure state of existence
Niyama	Five physical rules
Nyaya	philosophy by Gautama
Nāḍi sweda	Steam kettle sudation
Nāḍi yantra	Tubular instruments
Nāḍīvrana (Sinus)	It is a sack or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage caused by the destruction of tissue. Sinus is a chronically infected tract such as a passage between an abscess and the skin. It is however distinct from a fistula which is a tract connecting two epithelialised surfaces.
Nakha śastra	Nail parer
Nakra	Crocodile
Nānātmakaroga	Diseases which are originated with single vitiated humour only and not blended with any other humour.
Nasya karma	Errhine therapy, nasal administration
Nava jwara	Acute fever
Nāvana	Nasal administration of medicated oil
Navanīta	Butter
Netra praveśana	Sunken eyes
Nidāna (Causative factors)	The Sanskrit word nidāna means literally cause, or more particularly, primary cause. It is employed as a class name for investigations into the causation of disease as well as for the ascertainment of the disease.
Nidrā	Sleep
Nija roga	Endogenous disorders
Nirāmaavasthā	State of homeostasis
Nirghātana	Striking out extraction of a foreign object from the body by moving it forward and backward by instrument.
Nirlajjā	Shamelessness
Nisthīva	Spitting
Niśī	Night, Bedtime
Nityaga	That serves as a permanent substitution of this body
Nyanku	Antelope
Odana	Rice
Ojas (Bodily Strength/Vitality/Energy)	Ojas is the essence of seven tissues of the body, especially of the seventh viz. śukra. It pervades the entire body although its principal seat is the heart. Its flow starts from the heart and permeates every minute subdivision of the system. It is white in color, with a touch of red and yellow. It is of 2 types viz. para and apara. The normal quantity of para ojas is eight drops. It is the principal factor responsible for the effective functioning of the body and the sense organs.
Oṣadhasevanakāla	Time of administration of drugs
Papa	Sin, bad deed
Paratva	Near, better
Parimana	Measure
Pradnya	Right knowledge
Prakriti	Principle of material energy, constitution
Pramana	proof
Pranayama	Pause in inspiration and expiration, breathing practices
Pratyahara	controllingthe sense organs
Pratyaksha	Knowledge cognizable by sense organs and the mind
Pruthaktva	Different
Punya	Good deed
Purusha	Cosmic consciousness
Pācana	Digestion of toxic metabolites but not increases the digestive fire or process
Pādacatuṣṭaya	Four essential limbs of the treatment
Pādaghāta	Massaging the body with foot
Pakvāśaya	Large intestines
Pānaka	Syrup
Pañca kola	Pippalī, pippalīmūla, cavya, citraka & nāgara (śuṇṭhi)
Pañcakarma	Five bio-cleansing procedures
Pañcamahābhūta	Five basic elements viz. pṛthvī, ap, tejo, vāyu & ākāśa
Pañcamukhanāḍī yantra	Speculum with five holes
Pañcāṅgī bandha	Five tailed bandage
Pāṇḍu	Anaemia
Paratantraroga	Secondary diseases
Parikartikā	Cutting pain
Pariṇāma	Transformation
Parśnī	Calcaneal region/heel
Parśvagraha	Pain in the flanks
Paruṣavacana	Abusive or harsh words
Parva	Small joints
Pascāt karma	Post-operative care
Pāyasa	Milk pudding
Peyā	‘Peyā’ is a thin gruel of rice along with its solid portion (siktha). To prepare peyā, 14 parts of water and 1 part of broken rice are taken and boil well till all the rice particles become soft.
Phalavarti	Rectal suppository
Phāṇita	Half cooked molasses
Phāṇṭa	It is the process of infusion, where four parts of hot water should be added to coarse powder of 1 part of the herb to be used. After some time the powder must be ground well, filtered and used with proper anupāna.
Picu	A gauze piece dipped in oil used for local application on a wound or body part.
Piḍana	Pressing by finger or an instrument to allow pus etc. to come out of the abscess.
Pinasa (Chronic or hypertrophic rhinitis)	Chronic rhinitis with permanent thickening of the mucous membrane. Rhinitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the nose. It is caused by an over sensitive immune response.
Piṇḍasweda (Śaṅkarasweda)	Mixed fomentation
Piṇḍikodweṣṭha	Pain in the calf muscles
Piṇyāka	It is the residue of sesamum, groundnut and other oil yielding seeds after extracting the entire oil from them.
Pīyuṣa	Milk during the first week of calving
Plava	Pelican
Pūrva karma	Pre-operative procedure
Prabhāva	Where there is similarity in two drugs in relation to their rasa, vipāka and vīrya but inspite of this similarity these two drugs differ with regard to their action, the distinctive feature responsible for their distinctive effects not supported by their rasa, vipāka and vīrya is regarded as prabhāva.
Pracchāna	Incision
Pradhāmana	Blowing, stuffing in order to clean e.g. powders into the nose with tubes
Pradhāna karma	Main operative procedure
Prajñāparādha	Intellectual blasphemy
Prakopa	Aggravation
Prakṛti (Constitution)	It is decided by the predominance of one or more doṣas at the time of fertilization.
Prakṣālana	Washing with water, flushing of wound.
Pramāṇa	Anthropometry
Pramārjana	Cleansing, removing foreign objects from the eye
Prameha (Polyuria)	Renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes.
Prāṇācārya	Royal physician
Prasahā	Animals and birds who eat by snatching
Praśamana	Alleviation
Prasanna	Pure supernatant portion of the fermented alcohol
Praseka	Excessive salivation
Praśna (Interrogation)	It is regarded as one of the diagnostic aids. It is prescribed as a method of examination along with darśana (observation) and sparśana (palpation).
Pratilomagati	Reverse direction
Pratiśyāya	Coryza
Pratolī/Mutolī bandha	Recurrent bandage
Pratuda	Packer birds
Pravara	Superior, optimum
Prāvṛtṛtu	Early rainy season
Pṛthukā	Rice parched and flattened
Pṛṣata	Spotted deer
Pṛthu	Broad
Purāṇaghṛta (Old ghee)	Ghee preserved for more than 100 years in the earth is called kaumbha, and if it is preserved for about 10 years, it is known as purāṇaghṛta. If the ghee is preserved for more than 10 years it is branded as prapūrāṇaghṛta.
Purāṇa	Filling or injection
Purīṣa	Stools
Purogāmī	Manifested prior to the primary disease i.e. pūrvarūpa or premonitory symptoms
Pūrvarūpa	Premonitory symptoms
Puspitā	During menstruation
Putapāka	Soothing eyes with medicated liquids extracted through putapākavidhi.
Quath/Kwātha	Aqueous extract or decoction, boiled till reduced to 1/8th.
Raj yoga	Controlling mind
Rasa	Taste
Rasa shatra	Science related with mercury and metals
Rupa	Size and colour
Rāga	Prepared from juice of vṛkṣāmla, paruṣaka, jambu, with spices and salts.
Rajas	One of the three gunas of prakṛti, denoting activity, passion, and change.
Rāji	Snake fish
Rakta	Blood
Raktamokṣaṇa (Rakta śruti)	Bloodletting
Raktapitta	Bleeding disorders
Raktavartma	Red jungle fowl
Rasa (Taste)	Object of gustatory sense organ; distinct manifestation of taste in a substance.
Rasa saṁyoga	Combination of rasas
Rasakriyā	Decoction boiled till semi-solid, called rasakriyā or avaleha.
Rasālā (Śrīkhaṇḍa)	Fresh curd preparation strained overnight and mixed with sugar and spices.
Rasāñjana	Solidified decoction of dāruharidrā
Rasāyana (Rejuvenative)	Prevents decay and postpones ageing
Retas	Semen
Rjugarntihi	Interrupted skin suturing
Samadhi	Right concentration
Samanya	Similarity, that increases
Samavaya	inseparable relation
Samhita	compendia, text book
Samskara	To impart good qualities
Samvara	Restriction to karma
Samyoga	To unite, bring together
Sanatana dharma	Religion in Vedas
Sankhya	To count, philosophy by kapila
Sanskara	Past, impressions
Santosha	Contentment
Satya	Truth
Satya buddhi	Ultimate knowledge, truth
Saucha	Purity
Shabda	Sound, Knowledge conveyed by the words of an impartial authority
Shadayatana	Six organs of cognition
Shalakya	Probe
Shalya	Foreign body
Shalyashalakya tantra	Branch dealing with surgery and disease above clavicle
Shila	Right conduct
Siddha	Medical system prevalent in south India
Sneha	Love, oiliness
Sparsha	Contact of senses with their objects
Sparsha	Touch
Sukha	Happiness, health
Svabhava	Nature
Svadhyaya	Self-observation through study of scripture
Sadvytta	Code of noble conduct
Śākavarga	Group of vegetables
Śakṛt	Stools
Śaktū	A dietetic preparation of roasted grains
Samāgni	Normal digestive fire
Śalākāśāstra	Probe
Śalākā yantra	Rod-like instruments
Śamana	Pacification
Sāmānya	Generality
Samasāna	Taking wholesome and unwholesome foods together
Śambara	Deer with branched horns
Śambūka	Common snail
Sandāmśa yantra	Pincher-like instruments
Sampannam	Potent and free from infection and moisture
Samprāpti (Pathogenesis)	Appearance or course of disease development
Samsarga	Dvidosaja — caused by vitiation of two doshas
Saṁsarjana krama	Dietary regimen post Panchakarma
Saṁskāra	Processing
Saṁsthara or Prastarasweda	Hot bed fomentation
Sāmudrodaka	Contaminated rain water
Sāmya	Equilibrium
Samyak dagdha	Proper cauterization
Saṁcaya	Accumulation
Śāṇḍakivataka	Sun-dried rice balls fried in oil
Sandhigataroga	Diseases of the joints of the eye
Śāṅkha	Conch snail
Sannipāta	Tridosaja — caused by vitiation of all doshas
Śapharī	Small glistening fish
Śarabha	A kind of deer or mythical animal
Śārapada	Stork
Śarīramukhaśāstra	Pointed scissors
Śārasa	Sarasa crane
Śārikā	Mynah
Śārīrikaroga	Somatic disorders
Śarkarā	Sugar
Sarpavaktraśāstra	Snake’s hood shaped blade
Sarvāṅgasweda	Full body sudation
Śaśa	Hare
Śaśaghnī	Golden eagle
Śāstrakośa	Surgical instrument case
Śāstrapāyana	Tempering
Śāstrapraṇidhāna	Use of instruments
Śāstra	Sharp instruments
Śāstra-karma	Surgical procedure
Sātmya	Suitability or wholesomeness of food/conduct
Sattwa	Mental strength or temperament
Seka	Pouring medicinal liquids over eye
Ṣaḍrasa	Six tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent, astringent
Ṣaḍṛtu	Six seasons: winter, cold, spring, summer, rainy, autumn
Ṣaḍupakrama	Six therapies: nourishing, reducing, oleation, sudation, drying, astringent
Śaṇḍhatā	Impotency
Sidhu	Sugarcane alcohol
Śikhi	Peacock
Śimbīvarga	Group of pulses
Siṁha	Lion
Siṁhamukha yantra	Lion forceps
Śirāharṣa	Allergic hyperemia of eyeball
Śirāvedhana	Venesection
Śiroroga	Diseases of the head
Śīrotpātā	Episcleritis
Śiśumāra	Estuarine crocodile
Śītapitta	Urticaria
Sivana	Suturing
Ślipada	Filariasis
Snāyu	Tendons
Sneha vicāraṇa	Oleation by mixing with food
Snigdha sweda	Moist sudation
Śodhana	Purification therapy
Śoka	Grief
Śopha	Swelling
Śoṣa	Wasting
Souriraka	Alcohol from fermented barley water
Sparśa	Touch
Sparśanaparīkṣā	Auscultation
Sphoṭa	Boils
Śrama	Tiredness
Śramaswāsa	Dyspnoea on exertion
Śrāvaṇa	Drainage of pus or fluid
Śṛmara	Wild boar
Śṛiṅga yantra	Horn instrument for cupping
Srotomukhaviśodhana	Channel cleansing
Sthagika bandha	Supporter bandage
Sthāvara	Plant origin
Sthoulya	Obesity
Sūcīśāstra	Needles
Suci	Cleanliness, purity
Sūcikūrçaśāstra	Spiked brush
Śūkavarga	Group of cereals with bristles
Śūka	Parrot
Śuklagataroga	Scleral diseases
Śukra	Spermatozoa
Śukraka	Keratitis
Śukta	Fermented gruel
Śukti	Pearl oyster
Surā	Alcoholic preparation
Śuṣkakāsa	Dry cough
Swarabhañga or Swaranāśa	Roughness of voice
Swarabheda	Hoarseness
Swarasa	Juice from pounded herbs
Śwāsa	Dyspnoea
Swasthahita	Wholesome for healthy individuals
Swastika bandha	Circular cross bandage
Swastika yantra	Cruciform instruments
Swatantra roga	Primary diseases
Śvāvidhā	Porcupine
Śvāvidā	Hedgehog
Sweda karma	Sudation therapy
Śvitra	Vitiligo/Leucoderma
Syena	Hawk
Tapas	Self discipline
Tirthankara	Path finders in Jain
Tratak	Fixing the gaze to purify the eyes and lacteal ducts
Trushna	Thirst for enjoyment
Tāḍana	Tapping
Taila	Although, literally taila means only sesamum oil (oil obtained from tila), it is generally employed for every one of the oil obtained from various resources.
Takra	Buttermilk
Tāla yantra	Picklock like instruments
Tamas	Darkness or ignorance; One of the three qualities of manas. It stands for mass, inertia, resistance to activity or conservation.
Tambūla	The leaf of piper betel, which together with the areca nut and catechu chewed after meal, is known as tambūla.
Tāmarcūḍa	Cock
Tandrā (Stupor, Dullness, Lethargy)	A deficiency in mental and physical alertness and activity.
Taṇḍulodaka	Rice grains of 1 part are pounded coarsely and kept in a bowl containing 4 times water. After some time collect the water. The water thus collected is known as taṇḍulodaka.
Tāpasweda	Conducting sudation by means of direct heat.
Tarakṣu	Hyena
Tarpana	The process of soothing eyes with medicated liquid is known as tarpana, where the eyes are kept drenched in medicated liquids.
Tīkṣṇakṣāra	Strong alkalies
Tīkṣṇāgni	Strong digestive fire
Tīkṣṇañjana	Strong collyrium
Timīṅgala	Whale
Timira (Cataract)	Opacity of the lens of the eye that interferes with vision.
Timira	Immature cataract
Titiri	Partridge
Trāsana	Sudden threatening
Tridoṣa	The three humours of the body viz. vāta, pitta and kapha; the theory of tridoṣa is formulated on the basis of observation of nature and application of the law of the uniformity of nature. Suśruta says that as Soma (the moon), Sūrya (the sun) and Vāyu (air) hold the cosmos by their functions of visarga (releasing), ādāna (receiving) and vikṣepa (dissemination) so do the three doṣas kapha, pitta & vāta in the living body.
Trijātaka	Twak, elā & patra are together called as trijātaka.
Trikaṭu	Suṇṭhī, marica & pippalī
Trikūrçaśāstra	Instrument with three metallic spikes
Triṁśatī	Thirty
Trimukhanāḍī yantra	Speculum with three holes
Tṛṇadhānya	Grains growing wild or without cultivation
Tṛṇapañcamūla	Darbha, kāsa, ikṣu, sara & śāli
Triphalā	Harītakī, āmalakī & vibhītakī are collectively known as triphalā. Recent medical research conducted by several leading academic institutions in India such as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Jawaharlal Nehru University has revealed its value as a potential detoxifying and anti-cancer agent. In Ayurvedic classics the conditions viz. prameha (urinary disorders including diabetes), kuṣṭa (skin diseases including leprosy), viṣamajwara (intermittent fevers including malaria) and agnimāndya (loss of appetite) are indicated for triphalā. Triphalā is also attributed with cakṣuṣya (eye tonic) property. In Caraka Saṁhitā, triphalā is accredited with rasāyana (rejuvenator) property. Vāgbhaṭa observes that triphalā administered along with guggulu acts as best wound healer.
Tripuṭa	Triangular
Tṛṣṇā (Thirst)	An intuitive desire for fluid. In order to maintain normal function, the body needs replenishment of fluids to replace that lost through the lungs, sweat glands and kidneys. A number of conditions, such as stress, heavy exercise or hemorrhage or disease can increase the need. The need for the fluids is signaled by a dry feeling in the throat and mouth, because moisture evaporates rapidly from these areas when the body lacks water.
Triskandha	Hetu skandha (causative factors), liṅga skandha (signs & symptoms), ousadha skandha (medicines).
Trivarga	Dharma, artha, kāma
Trivṛt	The combination of any three of the best four oleating substances (sarpiḥ, majjā, vasā and taila) is known as trivṛt.
Tucchadagdha	Inadequate cauterization
Tunnasevanī	Continuous suturing
Tuṣodaka	It is an alcoholic preparation prepared by fermenting the water in which the barley grains with husk are cooked.
Unani	Healing science from Arabic
Upadana	Mental attachment
Upmana	Knowledge derived by analogy
Udakodara yantra	Canula for ascitis
Udara	Ascitis
Udara-vyādhi	Abdominal disorders
Udgāra	Belching
Udra	Cat-fish
Udvartana (Powder massage)	Massaging the body with fine medicinal herbal powders in the opposite direction of hair follicle by applying high pressure is known as udvartana.
Ūlika	Owl
Unmanana	Elevating, uplifting
Upacakra	Sushi cukor
Upadaṁśa (Syphilis)	A chronic infectious disease caused by a spirochete (Treponema pallidum), either transmitted by direct contact, usually in sexual intercourse, or passed from mother to child in utero, and progressing through three stages characterized respectively by local formation of chancres, ulcerous skin eruptions, and systemic infection leading to general paresis.
Upanāhasweda	Conducting sudation by means of poultice
Upaśaya	Adaptability, homogenization, wholesomeness
Upasthātā	Attendant
Ūrja	Strong, powerful, invigorating
Ūṣmasweda	Conducting sudation by means of steam
Ūṣṇasadana	Conducting sudation by keeping the patient in a warm room
Ūṣṇodaka	It is prepared by boiling water over moderate fire and reduced to ⅛th, ¼th or ½ of the quantity.
Uṣṭra	Camel
Utkleṣaṇa	Stirring up
Utkroṣa	Trumpeter
Utpala-patraśastra	Lancet
Utpātana	Up-rooting
Utsāha	Enthusiasm, eagerness, keenness
Utsaṅga bandha	Arm sling bandage
Uttama mātrā	The quantity of oil digested in eight yāma (24 hours) is called uttamamātrā
Uttara vasti	It is a type of medicated enema, which is administered after nīrūhavasti or administered into the orifice superior to anus i.e. either urethra or vagina.
Vaisheshika	Philosophy by kanada
Vedana	Previous experience of pain
Vedanta	Philosophy described in Vedas
Vibhaga	To separate
Vidya	Knowledge
Vignyana	Knowledge
Vijnyana	Initial consciousness
Vijnyanamaya kosha	Intelligence sheath
Vishesha	Dissimilarity, that decreases
Vaiṣamya	Disequilibrium
Vajīkaraṇa (Aphrodisiacs)	Any of various forms of stimulation thought to arouse sexual excitement
Vaktraśoṣa	Dryness of the mouth
Vali	Wrinkles on the skin
Valli pañcamūla	Ajaśṛṅgī, haridrā, vidārī, sāribā, amṛta
Vamathu	Vomiting
Vāmapārśvaśayana	Lying in left lateral position
Vānara	Monkey
Vaṅkṣaṇa	Testes
Vāntāda	Dog
Varāha	Hog
Varaka	A variety of coarse cereal grain
Vāraṇā	Elephant
Varaṭa	Spoonbill
Vardhma	Scrotal enlargement
Varjanīya	To be rejected
Varmicandrika	A kind of cat-fish
Vartaka	Male bustard
Varta	Wick
Vartikā	Female bustard
Vartrī	Rain quill
Vartmagataroga	Diseases of eyelids
Vāruṇī	It is a type of alcoholic preparation
Vasā	Muscle fat
Vasti karma (Medicated enema)	Administration of medicated liquid substances into the rectum by means of urinary bladder of various animals like cow, deer, goat, sheep etc. is known as vasti karma.
Vasti parihārakāla	Maximum period of instance to follow the prescribed regimen during the course of administering medicated enema.
Vasti pidānakāla	Time limit to squeeze vastiputaka to push vastidravya into the rectum.
Vasti pratyāgamakāla	Maximum period of withdrawal of vastidravya
Vastidāna	Method of administration of medicated enema
Vastinetra	A nozzle prepared by different types of metals, having a length of 12 inches with three ridges and possessing the shape of a cow’s tail and is useful for administering the drug into rectum.
Vastiputaka	It is a pouch fabricated by means of urinary bladder of different animals like goat, sheep, buffalo etc. and is useful to fill vastidravya during the process of administration of medicated enemata.
Vātaparyaya	Trigeminal neuralgia
Vātavyādhi	Diseases of nervous system
Vāyasa	Crow
Vellatika	Spiral suturing
Veṇu	Bamboo
Vesāvāra	It is a meat preparation. The meat devoid of bones is chopped well, steamed and smashed. To this, powders of pippali, marica, jaggery, salt, ghee etc are added and boiled well again for a while to obtain vesāvāra.
Veṣṭana	Tight bandage
Vetasapatraśastra	Narrow blade knife
Vibandha	Circular chest bandage
Vikarṣaṇa	Drawing off, extraction by catching hold off
Vikāśi	It is an attribute of substances, which spreads into the tissues of the body before it is digested and harms the tissues and causes loosening of joints. Some ācāryas opine that it consists of tīkṣṇaguna (sharpness).
Vilepī	Vilepī is also a rice preparation but differs in consistency. It is more solid than peyā. To prepare vilepī, 4 parts of water and 1 part of broken rice are taken and boiled till rice is completely soft.
Vileśaya	Animals who live in burrows in earth.
Vinamana	Depressing, pressing down
Vipāka	The ingested food or drugs gets digested by jatharāgni (digestive enzymes). The properties that emerge there after are known as vipāka. It is not the taste, but the drug itself undergoes transformation in the form of vipāka.
Viruddhāhāra	The food substances which dislodge the vitiated doṣas from their places and unable to expel them out of the body and acts as antagonistic to the tissues are known as viruddhāhāra.
Virudhaka	Germinated seeds
Vīrya	Potency or special capacity.
Visarga kāla	Nourishing period
Visarpa	Erysipelas
Viśeṣa	Peculiarity
Viṣadātā	The person who administers poison
Viṣamāgni	Erratic digestive fire
Viṣamajwara (Malarial fever)	An infection spread by the bite of a mosquito and is characterized by high fever, profuse sweating, often with headache and a feeling of feebleness.
Viṣamāśana	Taking a lesser amount or more quantity of food ahead of time or belatedly.
Viṣkira	Gallinaceous birds
Visūcikā	Cholera
Vitāna bandha	Canopy bandage
Vivaraṇa	Exposing, opening up of a part of the body
Vivartana	Twisting, turning round the instrument inside
Vṛddhi	Increase or aggravation
Vṛddhipatraśastra	Scalpel
Vrihimukhaśastra	Trocar
Vṛka	Wolf
Vṛṣa	Aphrodisiacs
Vṛtta	Circular
Vyadhana	Puncturing, tapping
Vyādhiviparyayacikitsā	Opposite to the disease
Vyāghra	Tiger
Vyanga (Hyper pigmented spots)	Hyper pigmentation is a common, usually harmless condition in which patches of skin become darker in color than normal surrounding skin.
Vyavāya	Copulation
Vyāvāyī	It is an attribute of substances, which pervades all over the body initially and undergoes digestion later. It is embedded with sara guṇa (mobile).
Vyāyāma	Physical exercises
Vyūhana	Uplifting or raising up in order to remove
Yajnya	Offering to Agni, fire
Yama	Five mental restraints
Yoga	To unite with Higher Soul
Yamaka bandha	Double bandage
Yamaka	The combination of any two of the best four oleating substances (sarpih, majjā, vasā and taila) is known as yamaka.
Yantra	Blunt instruments
Yāpya	The expression refers to diseases which are incurable but not unmanageable.
Yavāgū	It is a gruel prepared by boiling one part of powdered cereals like paddy, wheat, barley in 6 parts of water.
Yavaka	Small variety of barley
Yavaśūkaja	Yavakṣāra
Yogyam	Suitable to the patient and diseases according the region and season
Yoni-vraṇadarśana yantra	Vaginal speculum
Yūṣa	Semisolid preparation obtained by boiling any type of pulse but without rice.

Glossary of Sanskrit Terms – Ayurveda Dictionary

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